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September 2004 Issue
The economy has slowed down from the red-hot pace of +4.5% in GDP growth in
the 1Q. On August 27, the government revised its estimate of 2Q GDP growth
from 3% down to 2.8%. Most economists believe growth in the current 3Q will
be about the same. Nevertheless, the media would have us believe that the
economy is stalling. John Kerry certainly wants us to believe that. And
the gloom-and-doom crowd promises (yet again) that we are headed into a new
recession.
Yet our good friends at The Bank Credit Analyst, who have the best
record for forecasting US economic trends that I know of, remain optimistic
about the economy for the balance of this year and well into 2005.
Likewise, the latest economic reports simply do not support the view that
the economy is waning or that a recession is on the way. I’ll summarize
BCA’s latest thinking and the latest economic reports for you in this issue.
The stock markets have rallied for the last four weeks, especially as oil
prices eased a bit and President Bush improved his standing in the polls.
But are we still in a downtrend? September is historically the worst month
of the year for stocks. Yet it can also be one of the best times to buy.
In this issue, we’ll look at the equities markets and what you should be
doing now. I continue to recommend Niemann Capital Management
and Potomac Fund Management for a portion of your equity portfolio.
I also continue to recommend Capital Management Group for high yield
bonds.
This month, I focus on “affinity-based” and
“faith-based” investing. There are an increasing number of
mutual funds, and financial advisors, which provide a way to invest
according to your personal beliefs and values. While I applaud this ability
to invest according to your conscience and/or your religious beliefs, I also
urge caution. Securities regulators consistently list affinity-based
investment fraud as one of the most prevalent scams, so faith-based
investments should be checked out just as carefully as any other investment
program (see pages 4-8).
The Latest Economic Reports
While the economy did slow down to an annual growth rate of 2.8% in the 2Q,
according to the Commerce Department, the latest round of reports does not
support the view that the economy is in trouble. Let’s take a look at the
latest economic reports, starting with the negative reports first.
After rising sharply for most of the year, the Consumer Confidence Index
fell from 105.7 in July to 98.2 in August. The Index of Leading Economic
Indicators fell slightly (-0.3%) for the second month in a row in July
(latest data available). New and existing home sales fell in July but still
managed the third highest monthly totals on record. Auto sales fell sharply
in August.
On the positive side, consumer spending rose 0.8% and retail sales jumped
0.7% in July. Durable goods orders rose 1.6% and factory orders climbed
1.3% in July, with the latter being the best in four months. Construction
spending hit a new all-time high in July. Housing starts rose 5.7% in July,
despite the expected slowdown in home sales. Unemployment fell in August to
5.4% with 144,000 new jobs created. New jobs in July were revised upward to
73,000, more than double what was initially reported. (July data is the
latest available.)
On balance, the economy still looks to be in good shape, despite comments
to the contrary by the Democrats and the media.
Most economists expect GDP growth of around 3% for the 3Q and 4Q and
expectations remain positive for the first half of 2005. The recent drop
off in consumer confidence must be watched closely, however, since consumer
spending accounts for over two-thirds of GDP. The latest encouraging
employment report for August could boost consumer confidence just ahead, and
could help President Bush’s standings in the polls.
The Bank Credit Analyst Remains Optimistic
While the media and the Democrats drone on about how bad the economy is, the
highly respected editors at BCA remain upbeat. Here’s what they had to say
in their latest September issue:
“The rise in oil prices is clearly a headwind for the economy and
contributed to the recent deceleration in growth. Yet, there is no
compelling evidence of any serious distress. Equities have continued to
struggle, but other market-based indicators of the economy have stayed
firm. The economic fundamentals are generally sound: corporate finances are
excellent, monetary policy remains accommodative and the majority of
consumers are in good financial shape… Real [inflation-adjusted] consumer
spending should be able to grow at around a 3% pace going forward as long as
income growth is sustained near its recent level.
The payroll report for August will be important in determining whether
or not the July report was an aberration… Our payroll model still predicts
steady employment gains… If employment rebounds [it did, 144,000 new jobs],
then it will restore faith that the economic slowdown is temporary… The
bottom line is that the foundations for the economy are reasonably solid.”
The editors at BCA qualify their optimistic view, as does everyone, with the
universal caveat that a major negative surprise, such as another terrorist
attack on US soil, could prove them wrong. Otherwise, they believe the
economy will improve and that growth will average “at least a 3½% pace
next year.”
There you have it from the folks who have been more accurate on balance in
predicting US economic trends than any research group I have read over the
last 27 years.
Stocks rallied in August to the highest levels since late June. Some
believe the rally has been fueled most recently by President Bush’s much
improved standings in the polls. Still, this year has been a particularly
frustrating time, both for investors in the market and those sitting on the
sidelines hoping to get back in. Even the professional money managers we
recommend have had trouble gaining any traction in this choppy market. With
the major averages now just about where they started the year, many analysts
believe stocks are stuck in a broad trading range.
Historically, September is the worst month of the year for stocks. That
means you should stay on the sidelines, right? Certainly millions of
investors are still on the sidelines as evidenced by the mountain of cash
still sitting in money market funds. However, while September is
historically the worst month of the year, that also means it is frequently
one of the best times to buy. This year could be one of those times.
One of the main negatives weighing down stock prices in recent months has
been skyrocketing oil prices. Yet the peak summer demand season for
gasoline is now behind us, and the recent increases in oil production are
now reaching the market. Thus, there is a very good chance that oil prices
have peaked and will trend lower during the rest of the year. Here’s BCA’s
latest on oil prices: “Oil prices appear to have overshot on the
upside and the odds are good that prices will fall back during the balance
of the year.”
After peaking at a record $49.40 per barrel, oil prices have now fallen to
near $43 (as of September 7). If oil prices fall below $40 per barrel in
the next few weeks, this could cause stocks to breakout strongly to the
upside.
In addition, given that the economy remains solidly positive, the rising
interest rate environment is still relatively benign and the situation in
Iraq is improving (albeit slowly), I think this is another good time to
invest in stocks and mutual funds, especially if we get some dips this
month. If President Bush can hold his now sizable lead in the polls and
goes on to win in November, this should be yet another plus for the equity
markets.
I continue to recommend that you invest in the stock markets using
professional money managers that have the ability to “hedge” their positions
or move partially or fully to cash should market conditions warrant.
Niemann Capital Management and Potomac Fund Management are both
currently net long in equity mutual funds, and they have been taking
advantage of the latest rise in the stock markets. You can go to
www.profutures.com to see the performance records of these
money managers who can be long, hedged or in cash (money market) at any time
depending on market conditions.
Bonds Improve, But...
Treasury bonds and other high quality long-term bonds have appreciated since
the low in May. But in the bigger picture, bonds are still in a downtrend.
Bonds peaked in June last year and fell apprx. 16% in value. The market
then recovered somewhat, but in March and April of this year, bonds plunged
again. Thus, the current rally appears to be another correction before
moving lower. The trend in interest rates remains higher, and this is not
good for Treasuries and other high quality bonds.
High yield bonds, on the other hand, have the potential to appreciate in a
growing economy. While not suitable for all investors, I continue to
recommend Capital Management Group which invests in large, highly
diversified high yield bond funds. CMG has an outstanding performance
record which you can review at
www.profutures.com, or call us and we will send you complete
information.
"Affinity-Based" & "Faith-Based" Investing - Is It Right For You?
As you might expect, I get tons of financial publications that discuss many
topics related to investments and investing. In a recent issue of a
magazine directed toward Investment Advisors, I read an article about how
more and more investors are using “faith-based”
investment vehicles and advisors.
“Socially responsible” investing has been popular for a
long time, but it’s important to note that this is not the same as
faith-based investments. Socially responsible investments seek to invest
only in companies that meet certain social standards, such as being
environmentally friendly or not using animals for testing, etc. Faith-based
investments are different in that they seek to mirror the beliefs and values
of their investors, whether they be Christian, Moslem, Jewish, Buddhist,
etc. These investments seek a profit like any other investment, but do so
in such a way that avoids stocks of companies that violate a particular set
of values.
As such, these investments fall under the general heading of “affinity”
investments, in that they target investors who share a common religion,
nationality, or background. If you attended college or are a member of an
organization, I’m sure you have been offered affinity-based credit cards
through the mail. Affinity-based investments are like that except they
offer an investment that restricts its holdings based on established
guidelines that fit the particular group to which it is aimed.
While most of us are comfortable dealing with others who share our values
and beliefs, the area of affinity-based investments is, unfortunately, also
ripe for fraud. In fact, securities regulators consistently list
affinity fraud among the top ten investment scams. Therefore, it is
important that religious minded investors educate themselves so as not to be
taken in by potential scams.
For many years, I have known that most of my readers have strong religious
ties, and so you may be interested in affinity-based investments. This
month, I’ll discuss some of the legitimate choices out there, as well as
provide information on how to identify and avoid affinity frauds.
Moral Investments
The recent growth in religious affinity investments has come as a result of
some investors insisting that their investments mirror their spiritual
beliefs. However, this desire is nothing new, as there have been
morality-based mutual funds since the early 1970s. Many of these funds are
associated with church denominations or religious organizations that
originally offered these values-oriented funds to their membership, and then
branched out to the public in general.
Many religious investors do not want to own stock in businesses that engage
in questionable activities. Today, however, with huge corporate
conglomerates, it is sometimes difficult for individual investors to know
exactly what all of the subsidiaries of a corporation may do. Thus, it is
beneficial to have a faith-based mutual fund with a professional investment
manager who has the resources to determine the kinds of activities all of a
company’s subsidiaries engage in. In most cases, these funds screen out
companies that profit from abortion services, pornography, immoral
lifestyles (including the promotion of such lifestyles in entertainment),
alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Still others will not invest in defense
industries or gun manufacturers.
While you may wish to put your money to work only in companies that reflect
your particular set of beliefs, it is often easier said than done. As the
presence of various religious denominations attests, there are different
interpretations of what is right and wrong. What may be a violation for one
denomination may be just fine for another. For example, the Baptist Church
generally teaches abstinence from all alcoholic beverages, but Catholics
have no such teaching. However, Catholics would not want to invest in a
company that makes contraceptives, while some Baptists would have no problem
with this. As a result, a religious investor has to know what screens a
fund manager is using to insure it matches his or her values.
You also need to know how far the screens go in excluding companies. Some
funds exclude businesses only if they make or distribute products that
violate the investor’s religious beliefs. However, other funds exclude
companies that might otherwise be acceptable based on their product or
service, but have offending employee benefits policies such as providing
medical benefits to unmarried or same-sex domestic partners.
In addition, some of the companies founded on moral principles are not
particularly attractive from an investment point of view. As a result, fund
managers sometimes include companies that have a very minor part of their
revenues generated from immoral activities. I recently read a report from
back in 2000 that graded religious funds based on a set of moral criteria.
Violations in these funds ranged from 0% to over 50%, illustrating the
difficulty in maintaining the funds’ moral direction while also providing a
reasonable return.
Finding Faith-Based Alternatives
Finding faith-based investment alternatives may prove as challenging as
deciding which ones best fit your values. While you can search for socially
responsible investments on various Internet websites and software packages,
faith-based alternatives are not usually given as a separate category.
Therefore, one way to find these funds is to do a search of socially
responsible funds, and then review each alternative’s prospectus.
There are a number of excellent online resources for those interested in
learning more about socially responsible and faith-based investments. I
have listed a few of these websites below:
The Social Investment Forum:
http://www.socialinvest.org/ SocialFunds.Com:
http://www.socialfunds.com/ The Calvert Group:
http://www.calvertgroup.com/sri_kwyo.asp Financial Seminary:
http://www.financialseminary.org/
In addition to these resources, there are mutual fund families that have
been established to serve specific religious groups. Below, I have listed
the names and too free numbers of mutual funds that serve various religious
affiliations. Please be aware that I am listing these fund families for
information purposes only, and do NOT endorse any particular fund or
fund family shown below.
Catholic: Aquinas
Funds (877-278-4627) Ave Maria
(866-283-6274)
Christian Science: American Trust Allegiance Fund
(800-385-7003)
Conservative Christian: Timothy Plan
(800-TIM-PLAN) Noah Fund (800-794-6624)
Islam: Amana Funds (888-732-6262)
Dow Jones Islamic Fund (877-417-6161)
Lutheran: Thrivent Funds
(800-847-4836)
Mennonite: MMA Praxis Funds
(800-348-7468)
Presbyterian: New Covenant (800-858-6127)
Seventh Day Adventist: Capstone SERV Funds
(800-262-6631)
As you research funds, you should be careful to not put money into any
fund just because it purports to incorporate your religious beliefs.
Once fund alternatives have been identified, you should review each
alternative just as you would any other investment, and compare it to
applicable benchmarks such as the S&P 500 or Russell 2000 indices. You
should also look at the tenure and experience of the money manager. Since
faith-based funds are a “niche” market, they sometimes have trouble
attracting the best and brightest managers.
It has been said that investing with your conscience will result in lower
returns. However, the Domini 400 Social Index (a stock index made up of
companies screened for a variety of social concerns) has outperformed the
S&P 500 since it’s inception in May of 1990. However, this index is not
limited to only those companies that would be acceptable to faith-based
investors.
To get an idea of the performance of strictly faith-based funds, I ran a
sample of the more popular funds through our mutual fund analysis software.
Out of a sampling of 42 funds with at least a five-year track record, only
twelve (28.5%) performed in the top half of their respective Morningstar
categories as of July 31, 2004. A possible reason for this poor
relative performance – in addition to the limitations on what they can
invest in - is these funds tend to be smaller in size, so the expense ratios
are typically larger than for mainstream mutual funds.
Even so, there were some faith-based funds with performance in the top 25%
of their respective Morningstar categories, so it shows that it is possible
to get a reasonable return while also investing according to your
conscience. However, with so few funds with good performance, it may be
difficult to find enough viable funds to adequately diversify your
portfolio. Also remember that past performance is not necessarily
indicative of future results.
Faith-Based Financial Planners
In addition to faith-based investment products, more and more financial
planners are starting to hold themselves out as faith-based planners. They
seek to provide financial guidance that is based on the Bible, the Koran,
etc., depending upon the affinity group they wish to serve. The largest
religious affinity group in the US is made up of Christians, so most
faith-based financial planners seek to provide Christian-based investment
counseling and services.
These financial planners are providing religious-based financial counseling
as a result of a perceived demand from their clients for spiritually based
investment advice. According to the National Association of
Christian Financial Consultants (NACFC), the mission of their membership
is to integrate Bible-based principles within their financial consulting
practices. In other words, their practices are generally viewed as much a
ministry as a profession. You can find out more about the NACFC on its
website at www.nacfc.org.
Religious-based financial counseling can be a good thing, especially if the
addition of a spiritual side to your finances helps you to develop the
discipline to save and invest the way you should. However,
faith-based planning is no guarantee that the advice you get will be the
best available. From my own personal observations, I have not found all
Christian-based businesses to be superior to their secular peers, and I
expect financial planners will be no exception. And in fact, I have
found certain groups, especially in the investment world, that use their
supposedly religious orientation to lure investors into trusting them, when
many times they should not.
Therefore, you need to evaluate financial advisors the same way I
recommended that you evaluate faith-based mutual funds – that is,
based on their credentials and performance, and not solely on the fact that
they have a sign of the fish on their door.
Honesty, integrity, and caring for your fellow man are some of the most
important precepts of the Bible. However, these moral values must be mixed
with knowledge and experience (call it wisdom) for a financial planner to be
effective.
You should never do business with any financial advisor based solely on
the fact that they profess to base their advice on religious principles.
Many unwary investors have done so, and have lost everything.
Faith-Based Affinity Fraud
Unfortunately, financial scams involving religious affiliation are nothing
new. There is the story in the Bible about Jesus driving the moneychangers
from the Temple during his ministry because they had made it a “den of
thieves.” There are numerous other references to financial deceit in the
Bible and other religious works.
While I have no problem with fellow Christians seeking to spread their
values to clients, I am wary of the implications of financial advice that is
deemed to “come from God.” I have heard from far too
many people who told me they were ripped off by investment promoters that
touted themselves as being Christians. The fact is, securities
regulators consistently list religiously based investment scams as among the
most prevalent.
People tend to do business with people they trust. Building trust is one of
the basic requirements for having a successful financial planning practice.
However sometimes, untrustworthy people advertise themselves as Christians
in order to shortcut the trust issue. Clients come to him or her not
because of the trust they have in the advisor, but because of their common
trust in God. This ability to have immediate trust and credibility based on
a common affinity is why scam artists flock to religious themes. New York
securities regulators say they receive a constant stream of complaints from
surprised victims of affinity-fraud. Most disturbing is the fact that many
of these complaints are about fellow church members who the victims have
known for years.
Ways to Avoid Affinity Fraud
As I stated above, crooked promoters like to utilize religious beliefs to
shortcut the normal trust-building process. However, religion is not the
only affinity relationship used. Other scam artists have targeted members
of certain ethnic groups, various nationalities, the elderly, or just about
any other group of people who have something in common. Therefore, it is
important that you know how to protect yourself from these wolves in sheep’s
clothing.
According to securities regulators, there are a number of steps you can take
to protect yourself from affinity fraud. Among these are:
1. Check everything out – no matter how trustworthy the person
seems, how much scripture they can quote, or how long you have known them.
Never make an investment solely upon the recommendation of a member of your
church or other group, especially if the person implies that God has somehow
endorsed it. Be especially cautious if the person offering you the
investment appears to be offended by your checking them out. “Don’t you
trust me?” should be a huge red flag.
2. Verify that the person is licensed to sell securities in your state.
If so, contact your state securities regulators (look in the government
pages in your phone book) to see if there are any disciplinary actions on
record. If not, or if they say that the investment does not require
registration, check with your state securities regulators to see if this
fits the description of an investment scam.
3. If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Don’t
fall for investments that promise huge profits or guaranteed returns.
Also, be wary of investments that are promised to have “no risk,” since very
few investments are risk-free. Promises of high profits with little or no
risk are classic warning signs of fraud.
4. Insist on written material explaining the investment and the risks
involved. In many cases, promoters of fraud avoid putting anything in
writing, but legitimate investments are usually offered in writing. Also be
cautious if the promoter claims the opportunity is based on “inside
information,” or if you are told to keep the investment opportunity
confidential, even from your spouse and grown children.
5. Be wary of any investment that requires you to make a decision too
quickly, or if the person offering it to you just won’t take “no” for an
answer. High pressure is another classic sign of a fraudulent
investment. Also, investigate any offer that is promised to be a “once in a
lifetime” opportunity. This may be unfortunately true, in that after you
lose your life savings, you may not have any money left to invest in
anything else for the rest of your life.
6. Be sure to take all of the above steps even if you have a friend or
relative who made money in the investment opportunity. Scam artists
often pay out high returns to early investors in order to have a source of
“testimonials.” What greater endorsement could a promoter have than a
Pastor or Deacon who attest that the investment worked for them?
7. When in doubt, have a trusted third party, such as your CPA,
financial planner, or lawyer, review the investment for you. In
addition, you can access information about investment scams on the Internet
by contacting the North American Securities Administrators Association
(NASAA) at www.nasaa.org
or the Securities and Exchange Commission at
www.sec.gov .
Another good source for checking out possible scams is Scambusters at
www.scambusters.org.
Conclusions
All of us have a spiritual side to our nature, whether we want to admit it
or not. For many years, however, it was difficult to find investments that
coincided with one’s beliefs and values. For those who did not want to
invest in stocks or mutual funds for fear of including a company that
supported immoral activities, government bonds and bank CDs were about the
only answer. However, even with the bank CD, you may never know whether the
bank is lending money to businesses that engage in the same questionable
activities.
Today we are fortunate in that there are investment products that allow
investors to put their money where their hearts are. There are dozens of
affinity/faith-based mutual funds to choose from. But you must be very
careful since many of these funds have underperformed other mainstream funds
as noted earlier and below. There is also a growing number of financial
advisors who will provide values-based financial counsel that may coincide
with your particular values and beliefs.
However, because religious affiliation is such a fertile field for scam
artists, you need to be especially careful when dealing with anyone who
contacts you from your church, mosque, synagogue or other religious
affiliation regarding a sure-fire investment opportunity.
You should also never confuse religious faith with faith in a particular
investment. Just because an investment is based on spiritual principles, or
is recommended by a religious-based financial advisor, that is no guarantee
that it will do any better than any other investment. As I mentioned in
this article, two-thirds of faith-based mutual funds rank in the bottom half
based on performance. So check out the choices very carefully.
Finally, do not trust someone – especially someone touting investments –
just because he or she claims to be a Christian or a believer in whatever
your faith may be. One of the most unscrupulous and unethical people I
have ever dealt with was a man who claimed to be a devout Christian.
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